5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of

5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of 5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of Your educator peruses twelve of papers each time he/she relegates an article. On the off chance that you need to get a high evaluation, you need to guarantee that your paper stands apart from the rest. How might you do that? On the off chance that you have aced the essential composing procedures, here are five further developed ones that you can use to separate yourself from the rest. 1. Be Original As frequently as could reasonably be expected, attempt to adopt a one of a kind strategy on the theme, offer a unique point of view, or utilize your words in a new and intriguing manner. As your teacher filters through twelve of papers, he/she wouldn't like to see a similar theme ordinarily. Adopt an imaginative strategy to the task that will assist you with sticking out, and you will get a higher evaluation thus. Contingent upon the task, you ought to likewise write in your own one of a kind voice. For certain assignments, you may should be amazingly formal and scholastic. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you have a progressively inventive task, utilize an educational conversational tone. Compose the manner in which you would address somebody you regard and feel good with. Permit your composition to mirror your own character and your style also. Writing in such a way permits you to associate with the crowd. 2. Recount to a Story In the event that you have a handy, genuine tale that is identified with the theme you are expounding on, it is typically suitable to recount to quickly a story that outlines your point. Not just this comes to your meaningful conclusion more clear, yet it can likewise be engaging for the peruser. Numerous essayists don't utilize this method, so it is one of the approaches to separate your composition. In any case, ensure that your story is legitimately identified with your paper and isn't off theme or superfluous. Additionally, arrive at the point rapidly without investing an unnecessary measure of energy in the story. A couple of sentences are typically enough to engage the peruser and to communicate your point. 3. Show, Do Not Tell This procedure particularly applies to exploratory writing, yet it tends to be utilized in different sorts of works too. At the point when you are composing, straightforward telling the peruser some data, it isn't generally compelling. It is smarter to show the peruser through subtleties, models, and proof. Illustrate the data you are attempting to clarify. In exploratory writing, this can incorporate utilizing the five faculties to make your composing essential. Depict what something looks like, smells, feels, tastes, and sounds to make a distinctive picture in the reader’s mind. In educational or convincing composition, such a strategy can mean including models and proof to help the cases. Rather than saying that Abraham Lincoln is the best United States president, show that he is the best United States president by giving proof and giving models. Rather than saying that you were apprehensive, talk about your sweat-soaked palms and dashing heart. This is a standout amongst other composing procedures in English, and it will definitely intrigue any individual who peruses your paper. 4. Utilize a Call to Action A source of inspiration is smarter to use in influential composition. Such a procedure welcomes your peruser to make a type of move, and it is a magnificent thing since it connects with your crowd and includes it in perusing your paper. A source of inspiration can be whatever is applicable to your theme. For instance, in the event that you simply have spent a whole paper persuading perusers that each individual is answerable for the soundness of the planet, you could finish up your article by urging your perusers to reuse or save water. On the off chance that you compose a powerful paper about a law that everybody should consider, you can incorporate a source of inspiration encouraging your perusers to call officials or sign an appeal. The source of inspiration should welcome the peruser to act and make them engaged with perusing your paper. 5. Utilization of Figurative Language You have likely known about metaphorical language before-this is the language that is utilized imaginatively and isn't intended to be taken actually. Allegorical language incorporates comparison, allegory, overstatement, sound to word imitation, and imagery. You should utilize allegorical language in exploratory writing, however it can likewise be a compelling method in educational or convincing composition. A very much positioned allegory can intrigue your peruser and come to your meaningful conclusion increasingly wonderful and justifiable. Next time you are alloted to compose a paper, take a stab at utilizing these strategies. Your teacher will be without a doubt dazzled!

Tartuffe and A Modest Proposal Essays - Tartuffe, Molire

Hypocrite 1 Hypocrite and A Modest Proposal: An Overview Chasity Tullis October 11, 2010 ENG 103: The Literary Experience Educator Zone Hypocrite 2 Reason: The reason for Tartuffe was to parody the excessively inflexible, grandiose churchgoers, and the blasphemous catholic development of Moliere?s time. This development was censured by the Vatican. It was initially performed at the Palace of Versailles before King Louis in 1664 as a three demonstration play and was denounced by court priests and prohibited from open execution. The pastors accepted that it derided the religion and its practices. It was distinctly until they play was reached out to five acts, updated twice, and Tartuffe gave a role as a layman that it was endorsed for open execution by King Louis. The primary open presentation of the acknowledged type of Tartuffe occurred in February of 1669. Principle Ideas: The principle thoughts spoke to in Tartuffe are affectation, guilelessness, and the expending intensity of fixation. Pietism is the focal subject to Tartuffe. This is indicated continually by the unctuous and self ? honorable Tartuffe who is extremely only a lowlife. Guilelessness spins out of control through the play as Tartuffe has every one of them tricked with the exception of the youngsters and the house keeper. The fundamental nitwit is Orgon the leader of the family that took Tartuffe in on account of his passionate religion and his severe set of accepted rules. He at last has Orgon so tricked that he gives him his girl while Tartuffe wants Orgon?s spouse, eats his food, and goes through his cash. The intensity of fixation at last becomes Tartuffe?s ruin as his possible desire for Orgon?s spouse bamboozles him when she sets him up by being wily and concealing her better half with the goal that Tartuffe gets trapped in the demonstration, as it were. Edification: The edification time frame was a lot of thoughts, not a lot of qualities. It doubted customary foundations, customs, ethics, and a solid faith in the sanity of science. It stressed the social condition, not the way of thinking. Moliere?s play was a finished logical inconsistency to the conventions of strict practices that individuals were utilized as well. It exemplified the open condition that we are our very own casualty naïveté or eagerness to pass judgment flippantly, not by what the book contains. Past to Present: I accept that Tartuffe gives us an entertaining point of view toward the acts of the past and drove us into the future by indicating that on the off chance that you utilize your mind and presence of mind you will have the option to explore and not be made a Hypocrite 3 fool. We learn later on that we should utilize our senses and follow our gut so to avoid being made a bonehead of. A Modest Proposal Reason: The motivation behind Swift?s proposition is to forestall the offspring of the poor in Dublin, Ireland from turning into a weight to their nation by turning out to be criminals and poor themselves to get useful to their general public as to diminish the issue of skillet dealing with ladies and their kids. Fundamental Ideas: The fundamental thoughts of Swift?s proposition, anyway implausible they may be are not very unrealistic in the event that you consider the figuring and foundation he examined and demonstrated in his proposition. The principal thought is to give a modest and simple manner by which to manage the poor skillet dealing with moms and youngsters nipping at their feet by handing them over to an advantage to society. The subsequent thought is the means by which to accommodate the poor because of the present situation of the nation. The third thought is that these offspring of the poor can bolster their families after the age of one by being sold as food much like a pig would be offered to a butcher. The fourth thought is that these kids would be raised and offered like cows to a butcher. With this being done it might annihilate the poor biting the dust of malady, starving to death, or being prematurely ended. The fifth thought is the idea that being sold like dairy cattle and being executed for food is the same than them kicking the bucket from starvation and malady. Illumination: It is as I would like to think that the illumination period turned into a time of thoughts to unravel the mess the nation may be in. Thoughts were delivered to manage any issue that might be an issue to society. I think

How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology

How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 25, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 06, 2019 Shestock / Blend Images / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What could cause a person or animal to stop engaging in a previously conditioned behavior? Extinction is one explanation. In psychology, extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing. In other words, the conditioned behavior eventually stops. For example, imagine that you taught your dog to shake hands. Over time, the trick became less interesting. You stop rewarding the behavior and eventually stop asking your dog to shake. Eventually, the response becomes extinct, and your dog no longer displays the behavior. Causes of Extinction and When It Occurs In classical conditioning, when a conditioned stimulus is presented alone without an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will eventually cease. For example, in Pavlovs classic experiment, a dog was conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell. When the bell was repeatedly presented without the presentation of food, the salivation response eventually became extinct. In operant conditioning, extinction occurs when a response is no longer reinforced following a discriminative stimulus. B. F. Skinner described how he first observed this phenomenon: My first extinction curve showed up by accident. A rat was pressing the lever in an experiment on satiation when the pellet dispenser jammed. I was not there at the time, and when I returned I found a beautiful curve. The rat had gone on pressing although no pellets were received.... The change was more orderly than the extinction of a salivary reflex in Pavlovs setting, and I was terribly excited. It was a Friday afternoon and there was no one in the laboratory who I could tell. All that weekend I crossed streets with particular care and avoided all unnecessary risks to protect my discovery from loss through my accidental death. Examples of Extinction Lets take a closer look at a few more examples of extinction. Imagine that a researcher has trained a lab rat to press a key to receive a food pellet. What happens when the researcher stops delivering the food? While extinction will not occur immediately, it will after time. If the rat continues to press the key but does not get the pellet, the behavior will eventually dwindle until it disappears entirely. Conditioned taste aversions can also be affected by extinction. Imagine that you ate some ice cream right before getting sick and throwing it up. As a result, you developed a taste aversion to ice cream and avoided eating it, even though it was formerly one of your favorite foods. One way to overcome this reluctance would be to expose yourself to ice cream, even if just the thought of eating it made you feel a little queasy. You might start by taking just a few small tastes over and over again. As you continued to eat the food without getting sick, your conditioned aversion would eventually diminish. Extinction Doesnt Mean Its Gone Forever If the conditioned response is no longer displayed, does that really mean that its gone forever? In his research on classical conditioning, Pavlov found that when extinction occurs, it doesnt mean that the subject returns to their unconditioned state. Allowing several hours or even days to elapse after a response has been extinguished can result in spontaneous recovery of the response. Spontaneous recovery refers to the sudden reappearance of a previously extinct response. In his research on operant conditioning, Skinner discovered that how and when a behavior is reinforced could influence how resistant it was to extinction. He found that a partial schedule of reinforcement (reinforcing a behavior only part of the time) helped reduce the chances of extinction. Rather than reinforcing the behavior each and every time it occurs, the reinforcement is given only after a certain amount of time has elapsed or a certain number of responses have occurred. This sort of partial schedule results in behavior that is stronger and more resistant to extinction.   Factors That May Influence Extinction A number of factors can influence how resistant a behavior is to extinction. The strength of the original conditioning can play an important role. The longer the conditioning has taken place and the magnitude of the conditioned response may make the response more resistant to extinction. Behaviors that are very well established may become almost impervious to extinction and may continue to be displayed even after the reinforcement has been removed altogether. Some research has suggested that habituation may play a role in extinction as well. For example, repeated exposure to a conditioned stimulus may eventually lead you to become used to it, or habituated. Because you have become habituated to the conditioned stimulus, you are more likely to ignore it and its less likely to elicit a response, eventually leading to the extinction of the conditioned behavior. Personality factors might also play a role in extinction. One study found that children who were more anxious were slower to habituate to a sound. As a result, their fear response to the sound was slower to become extinct than non-anxious children.

Public Education Campaign Design And Implementation

Public education campaign design and implementation: Introduction: All through mankind s history, there have been numerous dangers to the security of countries. These dangers have achieved vast scale misfortunes of life, the demolition of property, injuries and sickness, relocating of masses and destroying financial assets. Terrorist activities incorporate deaths, kidnappings, destruction of assets, hijackings, extensive bombings, digital attacks (PC based), biological and chemical threats. Education can play vital and important role in reducing the risk of hazards among masses. Basic awareness should be provided to general public through seminars. There should be public service announcements on television regarding different hazards.†¦show more content†¦They should move or leave in the event they feel uncomfortable or if something does not appear to be correct. People should be educated to take insurances when voyaging and remain mindful of notable or abnormal conduct. Awareness should be given that they don t acknowledge bundles from ou tsiders and report unordinary conduct, suspicious or unattended bundles to the police or security faculty. Awareness should be given on how to get out in the occasion of a crisis. Emergency treatment unit and manual should be provided to deal with uncertainty Target audience: The target audience of this public education campaign is general public. New hazards and strategies to overcome them: Biological threats: Biological organisms are living beings or poisons that can cripple individuals. A natural attack is due organic substances that can make you debilitated. The three components that would likely be utilized as weapons are microscopic organisms, bacteria and toxins. You can secure yourself, your family and your property from the impacts of biological risk by constructing a Supply Kit, which incorporates things like non-perishable nourishment, additional electric lamps and batteries (Wood et al.) Chemical threat: Chemical operators are toxic vapors, pressurized fluids and solids that have harmful consequences for individuals. They can be discharged by bombs or spread from air ships. Chemical weapons enter the body through the respiratory system,

Social Networking Online vs Offline Identities - 1154 Words

Tom Marvolo Riddle from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series had stored parts of his soul into different inanimate objects called horcruxes, which caused him to lose control of himself and become the infamous, Lord Voldemort. This gave him the ability to live even though his physical body was gone and his soul continued to thrive in his set of carefully selected objects, patiently waiting for the right time to strike. While the world of Harry Power is only a work of fiction, social networking sites have given some ordinary persons the ability to create their own set of horcruxes, not through inanimate objects but through various social networking accounts. Through these modern horcruxes, people can divide the different personalities they†¦show more content†¦Laurel is also eighteen-year-old â€Å"Brenda B† who has several level eighty characters in the widely popular massively multi-player game called World of Warcraft. She can be seen in game at least twenty hours a week. In real-life Laurel is a copywriter with a long list of customers who receive short messages about her availability via her twitter account. She is respected in the professional copywriting community because she has never missed a deadline and will take on emergency work and finish the task on time. Another one is John Santos (2013) who hides behind an online persona who tweets about a mysterious disaster gets out of control as his online persona takes over his life. John tweets on what was supposed to be a flight from Ninoy Aquino International Airport back to his hometown in Cebu. His tweets grew increasingly frantic as he began detailing an emerging mysterious disaster. Over the course of the next few days he continued this narrative and finally after four days of such tweets he deletes his Twitter account. The whole story was made up but what John didn’t expect was that some of the people who followed him tracked him down, in real life. What had begun as a tightly scripted story about paranoia and conspiracy had leaked into his daily life. The next example is Vien, a 15-year old teenager who sends out at least a hundred tweets aShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Social Networking Systems Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages3.2. Benefits of Social Networking Systems There are many benefits associated with social networking systems. Some of them are discussed below: 3.2.1. Media Literacy Traditionally, media literacy was taught in schools discussing its various aspects such as media ownership, censorship and advertising. However, today’s media networks which usually operate online require more complex understanding of digital work that is not generally taught in schools. It requires that individual learn and participateRead Morecyber bullying outline and thesis864 Words   |  4 Pagesdevices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person.[5][6] A cyberbully may be a person whom the target knows or an online stranger. A cyberbully may be anonymous and may solicit involvement of other people online who do not even know the target. This is known as a digital pile-on.[7] Cyberbullying vs. Cyberstalking Further information: Cyberstalking The practice of cyberbullying is not limited to children and, while the behavior is identified by the sameRead MoreTaking a Look at Cyberbullying966 Words   |  4 Pagesother devices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person. A cyberbully may be a person whom the target knows or an online stranger. A cyberbully may be anonymous and may solicit involvement of other people online who do not even know the target. This is known as a digital pile-on. Cyberbullying vs. Cyberstalking The practice of cyberbullying is not limited to children and, while the behavior is identified by the same definition when practiced by adultsRead MoreSocial Networking : Harmful Or Helpful1405 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking: Harmful or Helpful Introduction When you think of social networking what comes to mind? YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Snapchat. They have similarities in that they make it easy to reach many individuals easily and quickly. Social networking sites and applications have given rise due to the popularity of the internet and the advancement in technology. There are many impacts on society due to social networking. Social networks can have a positive or negativeRead MorePsychological Effects of Social Media3121 Words   |  13 PagesThe Daily Mail just ran a thought-provoking article about the effect that social websites have on childhood development. In short, eminent neuroscientist Susan Greenfield claims that social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter shorten attention spans and contribute to an instant gratification, self-centered mindset. From the article: We know how small babies need constant reassurance that they exist. My fear is that these technologies are infantilising the brain into the state of small childrenRead MoreSocial Media and Youth4787 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Social media contribute enormously an extremely significant role in the lives of youths. In addition, youths can either real risks or opportunities from social media. The risks are not rooted in technology but issues regarding the youths’ social and personal development. It is imperative that youths are guided so that they develop appropriate skills as well as the resilience required to navigate social media opportunities and risks. Peer groups should be given the opportunity to developRead MoreRelated Studies of Facebook1972 Words   |  8 Pageshad not responded. Participants were compensated with a $5 credit to their on-campus spending accounts. The survey was hosted on Zoomerang (http://www.zoomerang.com), an online survey hosting site, and was fielded in April 2006. Only undergraduate users were included in our sampling frame. A total of 286 students completed the online survey, yielding a response rate of 35.8% (see Table 1 for sample demographics). Demographic informat ion about non-responders was not available; therefore we do not knowRead MoreMirror, Mirror on My Facebook Wall: Effects of Exposure to Facebook on Self-Esteem4399 Words   |  18 PagesCYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING Volume 14, Number 1-2, 2011  ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0411 Mirror, Mirror on my Facebook Wall: Effects of Exposure to Facebook on Self-Esteem Amy L. Gonzales, M.A., and Jeffrey T. Hancock, Ph.D. Abstract Contrasting hypotheses were posed to test the effect of Facebook exposure on self-esteem. Objective SelfAwareness (OSA) from social psychology and the Hyperpersonal Model from computer-mediated communication were usedRead MoreEssay about Dealing with Cyberbullying1849 Words   |  8 Pagesmobile phones. Cyberbullying does not necessarily take place on school grounds, but harmful effects are experienced by victims of cyber bullying in schools. There a number of technological tools that cyber bullies use such as internet, email, social networking sites, and mobile phones. There are also a number of prevention strategies that school counselors, school personnel, students, and parents can adopt to help prevent cyber bullying. Bullying is an aggressive behavior that involves repeated unwantedRead MoreThe Advancement And Adoption Of Technology1957 Words   |  8 Pages(Hà ©nard and Roseveare, 2012). In today’s world, students can be described â€Å"digital natives† (a term often applied to those born after 1980) who possess a set of characteristics that include â€Å"preference for speed, nonlinear processing, multitasking and social learning† (Thompson, 2013). These students have been raised in a more technologically immersed world and learn differently to past generations. As a result, the widespread globalization of education and technology has become integrally embedded into

Want and New Trendy Shoes Free Essays

Through the passing of time, the reach of advertising has become even more widespread in society and the underlying desire for consumers to buy â€Å"stuff† has been constantly growing. Some analysts say that this desire stems from fears and insecurities. Others say that corporations use advertising to exploit consumers as early as in childhood, and through magazine ads and trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Want and New Trendy Shoes or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you think about society before the invention of advertising, they never had the urge to go shopping and buy new cars, gadgets, clothes or the hottest new trendy shoes. Fair desires were more closely tied to their needs such as food, shelter and basic transportation.Advertising and consumerism have magnified these desires within us. Today more than ever, we are always wanting to buy and spend more. In the 1960s, typically only one family member needed to work in order to support everybody else. Today, most families need to wage earners. And people are more in debt than ever before. We rarely take the time to ask ourselves: why do we need all this stuff? Why are we working so hard just to have clothes we don’t need, stuff we won’t use, and trends that I don’t even really care about? What we need to ask ourselves is: do I really need this, or is this just a desire created by marketing and commercials?Commercials and advertising feed off of our peers by making this deal like we’re not good. If we don’t have the latest bottle or are not wearing the latest style, then we are not as good as the person who does. That’s why trends change every season and new models come out every year. It’s an endless cycle of phones, cars, cameras, MP3 players, T-shirts, and shoes. If we can take a step back and see the reality of what advertising does to us, we can save ourselves a lot of stress and money by differentiating queen needs and unnecessary wants.It is possible to slowly let go of desires. Wish gradual effort, we can learn to be more conscious of our impulses and reasoning behind why we want to buy something new. Often times, we don’t really need to buy something. Over time, if we distance ourselves from these desires, we can simplify our lives by buying less, spending less, getting into less debt, and earning less. Most importantly, we can be happier with what we do have, rather than dwelling on what we don’t have. How to cite Want and New Trendy Shoes, Papers

My Life of Serving Essay Example For Students

My Life of Serving Essay Ever since the first Christmas I can remember, Ive loved giving things. Id rather buy a gift I know my friend will love than receive one or buy something for myself. When I have a friend that is sick, Ill make them a â€Å"care package† with their favorite snacks, movies, and juice. I try to do things like this often because I love the way people’s faces light up when I communicate how much I care about them and they realize they are special. My favorite part of serving others is seeing someone understand how remarkable they are in a world where it’s hard to find pride in themselves. I have learned that a simple smile can be quite powerful. While Ive always enjoyed making people happy and putting others before myself, I really fell in love with service when I went on a mission trip to Fort Worth, Texas to serve the homeless. It was an extremely humbling experience for me; I spoke with people who had been through hardships I’d never even imagined. I found that in the week I was in Fort Worth, even if I couldnt personally make a long-term effect in most of the people I encountered, I could at least make them smile. From talking with them, I gained advice and wisdom and they were grateful for a compassionate, listening ear. The advice they gave me has helped me lead others away from dangerous situations. One of the events on that trip was called Kids Club, where hundreds of children from the poverty stricken areas of town came to our host church for a day of fun. I played with kids, helped them with their lunches, sang, acted out Bible stories, painted faces, and participated in skits. Watching their happiness over simple things like bubbles, piggyback rides, snow cones, hugs, or even a smile brought a great feeling of fulfillment over me. I knew that it was something I wanted to continue. When I came home from the trip, I took every opportunity to become active in serving people, especially on an individual basis. If I knew someone was having problems paying for a babysitter, I’d babysit for free. I spent time every possible weekend at the local no kill animal shelter. I worked hard to make sure that I balanced my life of school, work, and band so that I could include serving the people around me with the free time I had left. I hope to continue my love of serving people in the future by working in a field which will allow me to have direct communication with people and to help people in need. Using this passion for service and my aptness for the medical sciences, I plan to attend the nursing school at USM and work the rest of my life to help heal people. One day after I get my degree, I hope to join the navy and use my skills to give more of those smiles around the world.

How to Show Popular Posts in the WordPress Sidebar

Why show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar? Well, when a visitor arrives on your site, you dont usually want them to look at one page and then leave. Instead, it is almost always in your best interest to keep them on your site, browsing around and looking at multiple pages.There are a lot of reasons for this. If you display any kind of ads, such as Google AdSense, the chances of your visitor clicking on an ad during their visit increase with each page they view. Even if you havent monetized your website with ads, a more engaged visitor is more likely to sign up for your mailing list, follow you on social media, or even purchase your services compared to a visitor that bounces right away.To keep visitors moving around your site, it is a good idea to practice good internal linking habits. For example, by linking to related content on your blog from within each article, you are giving them related information to check out. You can use a related posts plugin at the end of your artic le to dynamically suggest other on-site content they may be interested in once theyve finished reading the article in front of them. Furthermore, your sidebar is prime real estate for linking to your best content – this is a great place to add links to your most popular posts.If youre new to WordPress, it can be confusing to add popular articles to the sidebar. However, be following the steps below youll learn the quickest and easiest way to promote your most successful content to your readers on every page of your website, from the WordPress sidebar.How to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar with JetpackJetpack is a plugin by the creators of WordPress, Automattic, that contains a lot of bonus features that dont come with WordPress by default. One of those additional features is a few extra widgets you can use on your site, including a popular posts widget.Using this widget is the easiest way to display links to the most popular posts on your website, especially if yo u already planning to install Jetpack.So lets get started with our guide on how to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar. If Jetpack is already installed and configured, you can skip ahead  to step two.1. Install JetpackIf you use the WordPress installer provided by your web host, Jetpack often comes automatically included and activated with the base install; you just need to connect it with your WordPress.com account to turn it on.If it isnt there, just go to Plugins / Add New and it will be in the list of Featured plugins. Click Install Now, then Activate Plugin:You will see a bright green banner at the top of your Plugins page prompting you to connect to WordPress.com. This allows the Jetpack services that are run through their servers to function on your website. This includes the Site Stats and Publicize modules. Click the Connect to WordPress.com button:If you do not have a WordPress.com account, it will guide you through the account creation process. If you do, and yo uve logged into it recently, it will just ask if you want to connect to that account. If so, click Approve:Next, Jetpack will prompt you to Jump Start, which turns on recommended features. You can click the blue button to quickly get started, or click Skip if you prefer to customize the settings you want turned on or off. Either way, you can edit the settings later, so unless you are already familiar with Jetpack I would suggest just clicking Jump Start:On the next screen, you can edit which settings are turned on or off and edit them if desired:2. Configure your widgetsNow that youve installed Jetpack, connected to WordPress.com, and configured your settings, we are ready to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar.Navigate to Appearance / Widgets. This is where you can drag-and-drop items into your sidebar and footer. Every theme is a little different and some have many widget areas while some have just a few.Scroll down your list of available widgets until you see one called T op Posts Pages (Jetpack):Drag this widget up into your sidebar configuration at the top of the page. It will expand to reveal a full set of options for how you would like to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar:From the top, there are a number of settings that you can change to customize how your popular posts sidebar widget looks.The title is optional. If you do not enter a title for the widget, it will simply appear in your sidebar without a heading. If youd like to add a title, some example titles you could use are Popular, Trending, or Top 5.The next box determines how many popular articles appear in your sidebar, up to ten. Remember that the more posts you include, the longer this section of the sidebar will be, especially if you choose to include images. Whatever you choose, make sure you view a few of your shorter pages and posts to make sure the sidebar doesnt extend ridiculously far beyond the page content.The next option lets you choose which types of content to in clude in your sidebar. If your website is set up like a blog, with the majority of the content added as Posts, I recommend unchecking Pages here.The final option has the biggest impact on how your widget will look.Text List is the simplest and most self-explanatory option; it will simply display a list of links.Image List is probably the most popular option, displaying the post title and a thumbnail of the featured image for each post.Image Grid will skip the post title altogether and just display a grid of featured images – which users can roll over with their cursor to view titles for.Heres an example of how your widget settings might look once they are all filled out:If you would like to customize where the popular posts do and dont show up, you can adjust these settings by clicking the Visibility button.Click Save and youre all set up. You can now visit your website to check out your new popular posts sidebar widget.Wrapping upNow you know how to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar. Displaying links to popular articles in your sidebar is a great way to encourage visitors to stick around and see more of your website. Jetpacks Top Posts Pages widget is one of the easiest ways to add this functionality to your WordPress website.It is worth mentioning that your list of popular posts can take a little while to update. It is based on the last day or two of Site Stats, so if a post suddenly spikes in traffic, it likely wont be reflected in your sidebar for a few hours minimum.What is your favorite way to show popular posts in the WordPress sidebar – with Jetpack, or do you prefer another plugin? Share your favorite method in the comments below!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

MBA Online Program at Cleveland State University Essays

MBA Online Program at Cleveland State University Essays MBA Online Program at Cleveland State University Essay MBA Online Program at Cleveland State University Essay Cleveland State University has a long history of MBA programs. It was founded in 1964 and offers various undergraduate and graduate programs. The online MBA program goes under its Monte Ahuja College of Business where students can find many areas for getting a final degree. This business has been accredited by AACSB which represents the best accreditation an online MBA course can have. The accounting program of this school has also received AACSB accreditation. The only thing you need to do is file up the application and get ready for getting advanced knowledge in your field. The Cleveland State University online MBA programs are preparing the students for life after they graduate. Their curriculum has been made to serve any student in order to become the best in his/her area. They tend to cover many areas of interest for the students to find their perfect place. The students will be able to find many eye-catching and advanced courses such as Labor Relations, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management and Managerial Accounting. If you are interested in any fields in particular, be sure that you will get the best education. The students won’t feel any difficulty getting these programs. The staff is online 24/7 enabling you to get through any technical issue that might come up. They have very simple programs that will get you through online learning and provide you with easy assistance. The Cleveland State University wants to assure you that every question you might have will be answered right away. All students will be required to take a standard admission test. There are couple of ways you can avoid being tested for admission, but most of the students will have to take it. The score for passing the test is 50% and above for getting qualified. The tuition for signing up for these online MBA programs here is the same like in the other universities. The difference here is that Cleveland State University offers financial aid for all students to get into their courses. All students have the right to apply for financial aid. So far, 70% of all students have used financial aid from the university. The tuition includes course materials and books, iPad 4G with Verizon contract for each student until the end of the program. Cleveland State University offers flexibility. You will be able to gain access to the required materials every time you need them. The only thing you need is an Internet connection. The professors are also able to interact with the students and provide them with additional materials for learning. Choosing Cleveland State University gives you the right to be among the best.

Employment Relations in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Employment Relations in Britain - Essay Example Research evidence suggests that the availability of agency and short-term contracts flexibility in UK accommodate and provide the employment opportunity for people with limited working experience, under-qualification, or under-developed skill level (DTI, 2007, p.7). Considering the increasing importance of temporary agency workers’ sector in Britain and beyond, the European Commission (EC) has introduced proposals for a European directive in order to prevent the discrimination against agency temps (EC, 2002a cited in Forde and Gray, 2005, p.249).In its analysis of whether the availability of agency working and short-term contracts expand new opportunities for secure employments or it leads to the exploitation of vulnerable workers, the paper identifies that the former claim may be true to some extent, it does not compensate for the later. A closer look at the recent changes in British labour market reveals an incredible but neglected trend of rapid temporary agency growth. Onl y 50,000 workers in mid-1980s (Casey, 1988) increased to more than one per cent of all employees’ jobs that amounts to about 270,000 workers (cited in Forde and Gray, 2005, p.1). ... in sectors and occupations, agency workers are most likely to be hired in professional ,secretarial, process/plant/machine operations, administrative occupations, and personal services, such as, social careers, workers in hospitality, and class room assistants(EMAR,2008,p.12). Two main sections in this paper analyse the prospects of new opportunities for secure employment and exploitation of vulnerable workers. Opportunities for secure employment With increasing unemployment throughout the world, it seems logical that unemployed will turn to other means for earning and temporary employment through agency provides them they way out. Survey of Recruitment Agencies 2007(SORA) evidence proves that agency work provides a route to enter into permanent employment for several workers. During one year period, the survey identified that nearly 340,000 people got a permanent job stemming from their experience with a particular employer as a temporary worker (cited in EMAR, 2008, p.13). Accordi ng to Labour Force Survey (LFS) data (2006) approximately 25 per cent of temporary workers are employed at managerial and professional levels (cited in DTI, 2007, p.7).Furthermore, Labour Force Survey (LFS) data (2006) indicates that 24 per cent of UK’s agency temporary workers were either unemployed or inactive one year before (DTI, 2007, p.7). There are various reasons for working as temporary employee. According to Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC) research, 63 per cent of temps decided to work temporarily because they were unemployed. Moreover, 39 per cent referred to other reasons, such as, earning during study or during career break. Labour Force Survey (LFS) put forth the same question differently and got 58 per cent of people mentioned that the absence of permanent

Portfolio Project Part 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio Project Part 5 - Essay Example Nonetheless, the general requirements of this job description include certification of an accountant by a professional accountant agency especially after the person training for the same has attained the basic college accounting and finance degree (Mason and Tarling, 2009). Despite the underlying specifications and different requirements, all accountants must be having fundamental principles including strong analytical and mathematics skills as well as vast accounting education. Hence, the first step to train an accountant is for them to attend basic college courses that provide them with basic accounting concepts. Accountants working for the small firms are usually responsible for keeping all books and financial records. Some of the records that are handled in the small firms include counts payable, payroll information, retail sales, account receivables, and the company investment information. This information is usually organized and kept in ledger form (Fulford, 2000). They must b e updated so that they reflect the financial health of the organization at all times. ... ached training will help the training accountant to understand and know importance of keeping company secrets especially financial secrets (Bragg and Roehl-Anderson, 2011). The training acquired in small firms will help the training accountant to improve in his accounting management skills and can apply the same in large firms as an accountant. The training accountant should know that there are slight differences in handling financial records of different firms, different in size. The accountants working in the large firms usually conduct internal audits to ascertain the accuracy of the company’s financial records. Notably, the larger firms usually have same degrees of biasness; thus, the accountants who handle such company financial materials regularly never handle such company audits. In this case, the company usually or it is advisable for the company to contract an outside accountant to audit such company material. This will reduce or eradicate the conflict of interest (Fu lford, 2000). Therefore, with different financial needs of different companies, the training accountant will be trained in different firms to have knowledge on how to handle different firms depending on size and financial needs. Other than the general roles of accountants, accountants usually tend to specialize within particular fields. In other words, accounting profession is vast and needs specialization. An accountant may decide to specialize in line with book keeping, taxation, or auditing (ACCA†¦, 2007). However, in most cases, some accountants usually venture in wide and different accounting fields in order to have vast and varied skills in managing accounting problems such accountant with varied skills and knowledge to serve their clients successfully and satisfactorily in different

Dangers of Escalation of Commitment in Accounting

Dangers of Escalation of Commitment in Accounting This report analyses the issue of escalation of commitment to a course of action from the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry. Escalation can be defined as a situation where a failing venture is supplied with additional resources beyond the point of feasibility. As such, escalation carries substantial dangers for organisations by generating avoidable economic losses. The report inquiries into the generic causes of escalation by examining subject literature. Accordingly psychological, social, organisational and project-specific factors are identified as common escalation activators. Exploration into the particulars of the said industry categorises profitability issues, market performance concerns, maturing products portfolio alongside development pipeline conditions as features amplifying pharma companies vulnerability to escalation. The point is supported by real-life case examples located in the appendix. Appreciation of escalation causes allows for development of effective prevention policies. The report suggests preventive measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of escalation triggers, such as challenging the individual and social causes. Approaches for reducing other factors impact on decision-making are outlined in the form of strategy alteration as well as process management policies. The report finalises with suggestions on escalating situations management. Statement of Reference The aim of this 2000-word report is to inquiry the causes and dangers of escalation of commitment to a course of action from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies. This report is to assess the dangers of escalation of commitment to a chosen course of action through the perspective of pharmaceutical companies. In order to achieve the aim set, the paper first analyses the definition and threats arising from the phenomenon of escalation. Next, following the framework proposed by Ross Staw (1993) generic causes of escalation are summarised. Subsequently, the report looks at industry- and drug development-specific escalation triggers in an attempt to identify why the pharmaceutical companies are particularly vulnerable to the dangers of escalation of commitment. Then, escalation prevention provisions organised around tackling previously identified triggers are outlined. The report concludes with suggestions concerning the issue of escalating situation management. Escalation of commitment: Definition and dangers Escalation can be defined as a situation where an individual over-commits resources to a failing venture after receiving negative feedback on its performance. Having an option to discontinue, the decision-maker forgoes rational behaviour and devotes more money, time or effort in a false belief that greater involvement will bring the project to successful completion (Staw, 1981). Some examination suggests that escalation as such should not be automatically assigned negative connotation. Low level of employee commitment is also damaging to organisational performance; background factors might justify over-commitment (Heath, 1995). Another view assumes escalation to be a natural feature of the business decision-making that should be treated as an unavoidable expense (Bowen, 1987). The dominant notion supported by extensive research suggests that escalation of commitment should be acted against (Brockner, 1992) because of carrying dangers of: Ultimately leading to multiplication of avoidable losses; Introducing irrational decision-making; Undermining the basic premise of business activity: to maximise gains with minimal costs; Generating substantial opportunity costs Consuming unrecoverable resources, such as time. Appreciation of escalation triggers allows for development of efficient prevention methods aimed at reducing the occurrence of such factors, subsequently protecting the company from the aforementioned detriments. Generic causes of escalation Psychological Initial research suggested that escalation arises primarily from the natural incline of the human being to self-justify behaviour. Supplying the course of action with additional resources serves as unconscious defence technique: the individual reassures him/herself that the original decision made was rational (Staw, 1976). Self-justification need is heightened if the decision-maker holds responsibility for the resource allocation (Staw, 1981), which is typical for investment decision setting. Prospect theory applied to escalation suggests that self-justification is not vital prerequisite for its occurrence. Escalation is induced by the decision-maker using a frame to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty of results. The decision-maker views subsequent decisions in reference to outcomes of initial judgements in order to produce a coherent frame. The negative feedback on the initial resource allocation results in the subsequent distribution being viewed as a choice between definite and possible loss, or a negative frame. Subsequently individuals are prone to escalation by becoming risk-seeking: failing to accept a definite loss even at the cost of incurring greater in the future (Whyte, 1986). How the decision-maker perceives incurred costs, constitutes another escalation trigger (Garland Newport, 1991). Following prospects theory, the sunk costs effect suggests that costs incurred viewed in relation to the total expenditure induce a negative frame, leading to escalating behaviour. Linked with that, the dislike of waste provides another motivation to supply the course of action further, rather than face a definite loss (Arkes Blumer, 1985). Interestingly, excitement about the project outcomes (Schmidt Calantone, 2002), and sunk-time effect ­ (Navarro Fantino, 2009) aid escalation occurrence. Social Importantly, the aforementioned need to justify the correctness of behaviour is not limited to the individual and applies to the wider social context (Staw, 1976). Maintaining an image of a consistent decision-maker among peers proves equally, or more, important to meeting self-justification needs. The desire to obtain social approval is exacerbated under insecurity of the social status in the group, or in a presence of an adverse crowd (Staw, 1976). In such instances the individual is likely to model his/her behaviour to reproduce the model endorsed by the audience (Brockner, 1992). As the group replicates leader stereotypes that emphasize the need for decision-makers to be consistent in actions in order to be perceived as competent (Staw Ross, 1980), the individual aspiring to achieve consistency with the stereotypical image will over-commit not to distort others belief in their leadership potential, and to reaffirm position in the group structure. Intra- or inter- group competition can indicate escalation. The focus is shifted away from objective assessment of the possible outcomes of a chosen decision onto the motivation to win. The need to do whatever it takes to get a step ahead of the competitors introduces scope for irrationality and escalation as such irrational behaviour is common to both of the parties involved (Bazerman, 2006). Organisational Projects receiving strong organisational support are prone to escalation (Pfeffer, 1981 in Ross Staw, 1993), as the decision-makers identify them with the existence of organisation itself. Furthermore, the centrality of the project to organisational values and its entrenchment in the organisational structure account for the projects being continued despite reservations (Goodman et al., 1980 in Ross Staw, 1993). Unwinding the supporting infrastructure might threaten the very basis of working organisational structure; induce change that is often associated with risks and dangers. The costs of acceptance of status quo are perceived as minor to the potential dangers of modified environment. Maintaining reputation and consistency between values and actions prove to constitute forces inducing over-commitment from organisational perspective (Ross Staw, 1993). Companies having publicly announced success might be more hesitant to admit failure and discontinue with the course of action. Project-specific High development costs and risky market performance of the finished product, the acceptance of failures and losses as a feature of the RD process, and reluctance of decision-makers to emotionally detach from the prolonged projects account for greater escalation exposure of RD projects (Schmidt Calantone, 2002). Low potential reusability (Staw Ross, 1993) of the generated output results in reluctance to discontinue the venture in order to avoid waste. Negative framing induces the perception of exit costs, such as compensation packages as definite waste, leading to escalation. The advancement of the project on a timeline constitutes another threat due to sunk-cost effect (Navarro Fantino, 2009). Projects reaching advanced stages of development would be discontinued reluctantly because of accumulation of used resources, including time, and the perception of imminent availability of the anticipated gains. Industry-specific Escalation Triggers Profitability issues Recent data suggests that pharmaceutical companies are to face decline in profit figures in forthcoming years (Datamonitor, 2010). This can be attributed to steadily increasing drug development costs: the costs producing the final product exceed $1 billion, with as few as 20% of successful product entries achieving the break-even point (Innovation.org, 2010). Estimates suggest that pharmaceutical companies should launch two to four drugs annually to maintain steady profit margins (Gassmann Reepmeyer, 2005). However, due to high attrition rates the overall success of organisations strategy is often reliant on the success of a single project (Kola Landis, 2004). These factors pressurise the companies to continue with projects and disregard arising reservations to maintain profitability. Maturing product portfolio The reduction in new component approvals can be partially attributed to strengthening drug registration requirements. Other explanation lies in the controversial innovation deficit experienced by the industry (Schmid Smith, 2004). Lower innovation figures account for pharmaceutical companies being faced with maturing product portfolio. Consequently, the companies engage in a variety of innovative projects overly-optimistically assessing their revenue potential, failing to discontinue when reservations arise. Eventually, the companies face greater losses as the projects fail to generate anticipated revenues, but incurring avoidable losses (Appendix: Dimebon case). Concerns for market performance The pressure to persist is further reinforced by the need to be consistent with companys vision (Ross Staw, 1993). Endorsing the projects demonstrates consistence with the mission statement; reaffirms the reputation as well as reassures the market and investors on following the profitable trail. However, forgoing ethical and safety aspects of drug delivery over concerns for market performance and cost-cutting proves detrimental (Appendix: GSK Puerto Rico Plant). Development pipeline conditions The specificity of the drug development pipeline further adds to the vulnerability to the dangers of escalation of commitment. The drug development time is estimated to surpass 10 years, with the costs amplifying as the project progresses (Accenture, 2007). This suggests heightened emotional attachment and excitement towards results, as well as existence of supporting infrastructure as powerful motivators of escalation. Attrition figures reveal that escalation is common in the industry as the most projects are withdrawn after reaching the most cost intensive stage of advanced clinical trials that precedes the registration process; or are recalled after reaching the patient due to safety concerns that have been ignored earlier on (Kola Landis, 2004) (Appendix: Avandia case). Escalation: how to prevent it? Tackling individual and social causes Perhaps introduce appraisal procedures emphasizing ones ability to build on past actions, rather than progression of the project. This will reduce managers fear of negative consequences if the project fails. Confidential treatment of sensitive matters, such as personal failures, will reduce the reputation retention motivation for escalation (Simonson Staw, 1992). Consider developing positive leader stereotypes supported by convergent organisational values emphasizing the rationality of decision-making. Furthermore, introducing panel decision-making procedures contribute to preventing escalation by reducing individual responsibility for the decision taken (Simonson Staw, 1992; Schmidt Calantone, 2002). Inviting members of relevant departments allows for assessing the projects success potential from a variety of angles limiting scope for escalation to arise. Ponder developing neutral decision frames by rotating managers in charge of the project so that different individuals held responsibility for initial and subsequent resources allocations (Simonson Staw, 1992). Additionally, foster for emotional detachment from sunk costs by introducing training in mental budgeting (Heath, 1995). Project evaluation and management Clear and achievable targets should be set out at the project initiation alongside exit points at various stages of progression (Schmid Smith, 2004). Measuring projects performance against set aims; assessing the efficiency with which resources yield results at the selected points allows for early estimation whether the project is following the anticipated pathway, thus allowing to avoid greater losses. Consider adopting attrite early strategy (Schmid Smith, 2004) as companys motto. Consider participation in multi-stakeholder analysis projects evaluating the potential value of innovative drug projects at early stages of development such as the consultations conducted within the European Healthcare Innovation Leadership Network (AstraZeneca, 2010). Ponder involving external parties in the project (Schmidt Calantone, 2002). Perhaps engage auditors to assess the success projects success potential at its outset or to devise effective contingency planning. This will ensure objectivity and independence of organisational politics. Consider outsourcing the project to subcontractors to avoid its institutionalisation in the organisational structure. Alternating middle-to-long-term strategy Consider renewing existing product portfolio and engagement in me-too drug developments. This ensures steady revenue generation from inelastic demand segments (Ganuza et al., 2009) and carries less risk comparing to reliance on anticipated gains from innovative compounds. Estimations suggest that involvement in drug-related sectors or focusing on advancement in licensed compounds constitute a potentially profitable alternative (Schmid Smith, 2004). Consider GSKs involvement in healthcare brands as an example. Managing Escalation Suppose the escalating situation arises, consider replacing the project manager or establishing panel assessment in order to remove the negative thinking frame, rid off the potential self-justification needs and assess realistically projects success potential (Simonson Staw, 1992). Consequently, ponder engaging external consultants to develop plausible solutions and introduce other point of view independent of the political and organisational influence. Otherwise, evaluate potential salvage value of the project towards establishing uses other than the initial one anticipated (Appendix: Viagra case). Furthermore, consider whether external financial support for advanced research is available; and if is feasible to use towards accomplishment of the projects aims. Otherwise, ponder engaging in partnership with a company undertaking research in similar compound in order to combine knowhow and reduce costs. Appendix Avandia case Recent withdrawal of GSKs highly innovative and best-selling diabetes drug, Avandia, in EU was caused by the linkages with deaths by heart failures among the patients on the medication (FT.com, 2010b). Allegedly, the company was aware of the severity of adverse effects, however launched the drug to the market (Avandia Recall News, 2010). Estimations suggest that GSK could face between $1.1bn and $6bn in compensation costs (FT.com, 2010a) that could have been avoided had the company ceased the project when safety concerns were brought to light. Additionally, bad publicity incurred after the allegations surfaced resulted in fall of GSK share prices, and the company facing negative profit accounts (FT.com, 2010c). Dimebon case Pfizer has recently withdrawn from advanced clinical trials (undertaken in partnership with Medivation) of highly anticipated Alzheimers disease cure, Dimebon, after the drug exhibited no promising therapeutic results (MedScape Medical News, 2010). The reservations about the curative properties of the compound have been raised at early stages of the process. It is assumed that the logic behind Dimebons miraculous effects was never properly investigated. Furthermore, similar compounds failed in previous trials (ABC News online, 2010). Escalating behaviour in such case could be linked to Pfizer losing patent rights the currently marketed Alzheimers treatment, Aricept and was in need of a profitable replacement. As a result of failure to investigate and evaluate promptly, Pfizer has incurred $725 million in RD costs (the Economist.com, 2010). GSK Puerto Rico Plant case GSK is reported to pay $750m in penalty payment to US government and other claimants following allegations on manufacturing malpractice and failure to adhere to safety standards in production plant in Puerto Rico. The allegations regarding mal-adjusted doses of active ingredients and ineffectiveness of drugs submitted to government programmes were revealed by a former employee and resulted in the company being charged with a criminal offence (Wall Street Journal Law Blog, 2010). Viagra case Initially Viagra was developed as a cordial drug aimed at decreasing blood pressure and preventing cardiac arrests. Clinical trials unexpectedly revealed potentially exploitable and marketable properties of the drug: high effectiveness in fighting erectile dysfunction in men. In the six months following its launch as a revolutionary treatment, in 1998 Viagra worldwide sales have exceeded  £300 million (BBCnews.com, 1999).

All About Maps Essay

What are maps? Maps are the world reduced to points, lines, and areas, using a variety of visual resources: size, shape, value, texture or pattern, colour, orientation, and shape. A thin line may mean something different from a thick one, and similarly, red lines from blue ones. How do maps represent reality? A photograph shows all objects in its view; a map is an abstraction of reality. The cartographer selects only the information that is essential to fulfil the purpose of the map, and that is suitable for its scale. Maps use symbols such as points, lines, area patterns and colours to convey information. Why are maps important? A map gives a miniature â€Å"picture† of a very large space. A map is a guide to a space you have not encountered before. Maps have distance, mountains, rivers, and shapes of places or destinations. With a map, one does not have to depend on local directions. For a small price, it is a direction finder and a dependable way to take a journey. What are atlases? An atlas is a collection of maps in book form. Atlases are made for different regions and areas, and are prepared for desk use or travel use. A travel atlas is usually packaged for easy use during a trip, often with spiral bindings so it can be folded flat, and with maps at a large zoom so that they can be easily consulted on the go. A desk atlas features sizes and bindings that are typical for reference books: usually a paperback or hardcover format. Lines of latitude These are imaginary lines that circle the world in an east-west direction. They tell you how far north or south a place is from the Equator. They are drawn parallel to the Equator. There are five main lines of latitude. They are the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. Lines of longitude Longitude is the angular distance, measured in degrees, east and west of the Prime Meridian, which is at 0o. These are imaginary lines that run across the Earth’s surface in a north-south direction, from the North Pole to the South Pole. Legends and symbols Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without symbols, we wouldn’t have maps. Both shapes and colours can be used for symbols on maps. A small circle may mean a point of interest, with a brown circle meaning recreation, red circle meaning services, and green circle meaning rest stop. Colours may cover larger areas of a map, such as green representing forested land and blue representing waterways. To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Le

Philosophy of Nursing Leadership Essay

I have worked in healthcare for over thirteen years both as new scare nurse and as an informal leader and as an appointed manager. Throughout this process I have experienced many different feelings towards my managers and experienced several different types of management styles as related to our recent management concept learning. A prior class text book definition states â€Å"Philosophy looks at the nature of things and aims to provide the meaning of the nursing phenomena. Philosophies are the broadest in scope and provide a broad understanding† (Blaise & Hayes 2002 p. 98). Combining a defined leadership theory with my own personal nursing philosophy engages a higher level of understanding about personal concepts and ideas of my past experiences and the possibility for growth as a leader. Peter Drucker’s theory in regards to involving the entire organization in planning and establishing the management process has been implemented for many years at my current employmen t, to include weekly staff meetings with open discussions and an anonymous â€Å"drop box† for problems or ideas to be shared with upper management. We also give one-hundred dollar bonus to any employee who presents a new idea or plan and the hospital corporation agrees to use it. This form of staff participation in leadership by Peter Drucker was used to advise the heads of General Motors, Sears, General Electric, W.R. Grace and IBM, among many others. Often times Drucker offered his management advice to non-profits like the American Red Cross and the Salvation Army. Drucker’s theory in the health care setting encourages individual autonomy and embraces the ideal of leaders not being born but can should be taught and encouraged to use their best judgments for every unique situation. Drucker is quoted as stating â€Å"Leadership is something scientific but has artistic expression.† Artistic expression is individualized and when an organization encourages this individuality of its member’s the results can in turn provided broader solutions and opportunity for growth.  This form of collaboration of many different unique perspective and special skills are imperative in today’s health care system as specifically outlined by the American Nurses Association (ANA) â€Å"recognition of the expertise of others within and outside the profession, and referral to those other providers when appropriate† (2003, p.8) The increasing competitive nature of health care and ever changing technology and change make it imperative for a health care organization to work together as a team for the betterment of the patient outcomes and a hospital’s long term viability. Personal Growth as a Nurse Leader With review of my personal experiences in my nursing career, I can now see the obvious management transitions that took place at the facility I worked at. When I first started working, I basically felt like a â€Å"warm body† only there to perform certain tasks at certain times and felt of no real value to actual hospital’s overall revenue or outcome. Looking back at the management style from that time, I felt no real structure or individual importance toward the outcome of the hospital I worked for. The hospital was a non-profit, government owned facility and the resulting management style is easily related to the Laissez-faire leadership form. With this â€Å"hands off† (Finkleman, p6) form of management comes a great lack of feeling of security or capability to grow and learn as a nurse. Three year after working there a new company bought out our hospital and many extreme changes happened. Computer charting came in, new managers, new rules, new standards and m any people left because of these changes. Not because they were bad changes but because they simply did not want to accept change. With these changes emerged a new management technique that follow the Drucker philosophy of encouraging staff participation, goal setting and leadership learning with in the hospital. I will never forget the first time the hospital administrator came up to me, shook my hand and simply asked how everything on my nursing unit was going. If I had any problems or concerns. This form of management encouraged professional growth and self-esteem. I became more familiar with small skills such as intravenous access, medications, equipment and general patient involvement, I began to find myself more interested in the art of health care and learning. Challenges and learning became my journey and led me to a management position in the  emergency room department. I grew as a person and as a nurse. I learned so many things about health care and genuinely cared for my co-workers. Their input was invaluable and helped us create new policies and systems to give our patients better care. I learned mostly about myself and who I wanted to be as a person and a leader or example to other nurses. I became very confident after ten years in this department and enjoyed the teamwork of this area and wanted to be able to do more with this invaluable acquired knowledge. I came to an understanding of a nurse’s ability to provide their perspectives and past experiences to help other care for the patients. In conclusion, with the educational advancements and experience I hope to continue to learn how to be an effective leader. I would like to see our organization encourage some the emotional intelligence theory philosophy into our practice to encourage stronger relationships between all staff. As stated in (Finkelman, 2011 p 10), â€Å"emotional intelligent leadership is key to creating a working climate that nurtures its employees and encourages them to do their best with enthusiasm, in turn this pays off in improved business performance.† I believe that all people inherently want to be recognized for what they do and need positive reinforcement. With future leadership roles I hope to incorporate both of these leadership theories of including the employees in the organizations plans, group problem solving and building good leaders along with stronger emotional relationships built on encouragement and positive reinforcement to provide an open positive learning environment with s trong inter employee relationships. References Blais, K., & Hayes, J. (2002). Professional nursing practice. (2011 ed., Vol. 6, pp. 2, 27-29, 268). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Retrieved from http//www.pearsonhighered.com Finkelman, A.(2006).Leadership and Management for Nurses. (2011 2nd ed., pp. 5-13).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Retrieved from http//www.pearsonhighered.com Nursing Times. (2011) Leadership Skills for Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.nursingtimes.net/Journals/2011/j/n/i/Leadership-Skills-for-Nurses. pdf

Lessons Learned from Enrons Failure - 957 Words

The well-established company Enron, which was once ranked by Fortune as â€Å"the most innovative company in America† faced bankruptcy and thus the downfall of Enron. One of the causes of Enron’s failure is that there is a weak corporate governance of board of directors. Their lack of social responsibility from the 4 main criteria identified by Archie Carroll, which is economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. They only want to make profits without taxes and move up, leaving all the details behind for worrying later. They are doing business using the classical view, where the management’s only responsibility in running a business is to maximize profit . Secondly, Enron’s fall was initiated by a flawed and failed corporate†¦show more content†¦These broad guidelines can help ensure that scandals such as Enron’s would not happen again . Besides that, lessons that can be learned form Enron’s failure is to be careful on making the right or wrong choice, as there is always a first intentional misstep. This first misstep often involves a small transgression, but none are more important; because this small compromise or minimal transgression will almost always lead to worse conduct. Once you step over the line, it is difficult to go back to the right course. In Enron, because a manager made a bad decision, so he tries to cover it up. In fact, he should try to solve that problem critically, whether it is tax frauds or corporate offenses, otherwise, after the first misstep, it always gets easier and easier to continue these misconduct . Finally, the lessons that can be learned form Enron’s failure is learn to be satisfied with what you have legitimately earned, as greed is a vicious vice that can destroy you. If you judge success in life by what you can accumulate, you will never be fully content, as someone will always have more, your children or others will always want more from you, and therefore, you will never have enough. It is in the human nature to be greedy, but not until you have to take illegal actions to earn it. Consider this example, managers in Enron such as Jeffrey Skilling wanted to make more money and at the end, they received their punishments. Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in prison inShow MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of Enron And Enron1736 Words   |  7 PagesEnron demise and also lessons can be learnt from Enron case study. The approach which have used in this paper to respond, the case study question are the background of the case organization and how business structure had been use b y the case organization. Reviewing some lessons that can be learned from this case study to avoid any failure another Enron whether in the financial market, as well as in the auditing and accounting professions. Introduction Founded in 1985, from the merger of the activitiesRead MoreEssay about The Downfall of Enron1734 Words   |  7 Pageswrangling over Enrons skeletal remains† (Helyar) long after the company had seen its demise. There are numerous instances to be mentioned, including deliberate failure to properly report fiscal losses, insider trading, and overall relentlessness. The inclusive purpose of this paper is to further explore the underlining factors that contributed to the downfall of the once powerful Enron, and how a new way of approaching business ethics emerged from the wreckage. Enron stemmed from a small companyRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Downfall Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagescollapses of high profile business failures like Enron,Worldcom,Parmlat,and Tycohasbeen a subject of great debate among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent past. Enron’s case was the greatest failure in the history of American capitalism and had a major impact on financial markets by causing significant losses to investors. Enron was a company ranked by Fortune as the most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the production to the knowledgeRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal847 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounting partnerships within the world. Additionally, to being the most important bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that point, Enron without doubt is the biggest audit failure. it s ever the foremost notable company within the world, however it is also one amongst corporations that fe ll down too quick. Enron’s Rise and Fall Throughout the late Nineteen Nineties, Enron was nearly universally thought of one amongst the country s most innovative corporations. The corporate continued to makeRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the Enron/Arthur Anderson Scandal1558 Words   |  7 Pagesaudit and consultation fees from Enron, failed to comply with the auditing standards required in their line of work. Investigations and reports have resulted in finger pointing and placing blame, but both companies contributed to one of the most notorious accounting scandals in history. There remains much speculation as to what steps could and should have been taken to protect innocent victims and numerous investors from experiencing the enormous loses that resulted from this scandal. AccountingRead MoreEnron And The Collapse Of Enron1303 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the most well known companies, it was also one that crashed and burned the fastest, shocking many people when it did. Not only did it end fast, the company caused quite a scandal which is still being discussed and reviewed in today’s world. Enron’s bankruptcy scandal was so widely known because of the many people who associated themselves with the company and worked with it. When it finally did end in 2001 the corporation was a wreck. This paper will analyze the business of Enron, the impactRead More Ethical Lessons Learned from Corporate Scandals Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Lessons Learned from Corporate Scandals Ethics is about behavior and in the face of dilemma; it is about doing the right thing. Ideally, managerial leaders and their people will act ethically as a result of their internalized virtuous core values. The Enron scandal is the most significant corporate collapse in the United States and it demonstrates the need for significant reforms in accounting and corporate governance in the United States. It is also a call for a close look at theRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Energy Giant, Enron Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagescompany to protect shareholder’s interest. Even though the rules of playing business are obvious, still several companies adopt short cut mechanisms which work way against ethical standards. With that being said, let us take a look at the backdrop of Enron’s bankruptcy. Birth and stardom of Enron ‘Enron’ was an American energy company formed by the merger of two pipeline companies namely, Intermonth and Houston Natural Gas (HNG) in 1985. Post-merger, Ken lay, 42 year old chairman of HNG became the CEORead MoreEnron: An Ethics Case Study1834 Words   |  8 Pagessaid in this regard that a career without scandal is not a career at all. Rather than wasting time worrying about encountering such scandals, a good executive would be better-advised to focus all efforts toward making it through them when they come. Failure in this regard would, among other things, spell doom with respect to the existence of the company itself. Among the most disappointing and tragic examples of this is the case of World Championship Wrestling which, thanks to a combination of mismanagementRead MoreThe Collapse Of Enron Corporation1787 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"When a company ascends to the number seven spot on the Fortune 500 and then collapses in weeks into a smoking ruin, its stock worth pennies, its CEO, a confidante of presidents, more or less evaporated, there must be lessons in there somewhere.† -Daniel Henninger, The Wall Street Journal The collapse of Enron Corporation has created many discussions about the structure of corporate governance. The question of this essay first calls to examine some of the strengths and weaknesses of the